U.S. National Parks Statistics and Rankings

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Updated

As of November 2026, the United States is home to 64 national parks1, located across 30 states and two U.S. territories. Together they draw almost 94 million recreation visits a year2.

Map of the United States with all 50 states labeled by their two-letter abbreviations.
Map of the United States with every state labeled by its two-letter abbreviation

National Parks by State

How many national parks are there in the U.S.?

There are 64 national parks in the United States as of November 2026, spread across 30 states and two U.S. territories1. The 64th, Chiricahua National Park in Arizona, was added on October 20, 2026.

Which states have the most national parks?

California has the most national parks of any state, with nine1.

  • Alaska is second with eight, and Utah third with five1.
  • Arizona and Colorado round out the top five with four each1, followed by Florida and Washington with three each.

Which states have no national parks?

20 states have no national park1: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wisconsin.

  • Every state still has at least one National Park Service site3, such as a national monument, historic site or seashore.

What is the newest national park in the U.S.?

  • Chiricahua National Park in Arizona is the newest. Formerly Chiricahua National Monument, it became a national park on October 20, 20261.
  • Before that, the newest was New River Gorge National Park in West Virginia, which gained national park status in December 20204.

What is the oldest national park in the U.S.?

  • Yellowstone National Park, established on March 1, 18725, is the oldest national park in the United States.
  • Most of it lies in Wyoming, with smaller parts in Montana and Idaho.
National Parks by State
State/TerritoryNational ParkLocationDate of Establishment
Alaska (8)Denali National ParkSouth-central AlaskaFeb 26, 19171
Alaska (8)Gates of the Arctic National ParkNorthern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Glacier Bay National ParkSoutheast AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Katmai National ParkSouthern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Kenai Fjords National ParkSouthern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Kobuk Valley National ParkNorthwestern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Lake Clark National ParkSouthwestern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
Alaska (8)Wrangell–St. Elias National ParkSoutheastern AlaskaDec 02, 19801
American Samoa (1)National Park of American SamoaAmerican SamoaOct 31, 19881
Arizona (4)Chiricahua National ParkSoutheastern ArizonaOct 20, 20261
Arizona (4)Grand Canyon National ParkNorthern ArizonaFeb 26, 19191
Arizona (4)Petrified Forest National ParkNortheastern ArizonaDec 09, 19621
Arizona (4)Saguaro National ParkSouthern ArizonaOct 14, 19941
Arkansas (1)Hot Springs National ParkCentral ArkansasMar 04, 19211
California (9)Channel Islands National ParkSouthern CaliforniaMar 05, 19801
California (9)Death Valley National ParkEastern CaliforniaOct 31, 19941
California (9)Joshua Tree National ParkSouthern CaliforniaOct 31, 19941
California (9)Kings Canyon National ParkCentral CaliforniaMar 04, 19401
California (9)Lassen Volcanic National ParkNorthern CaliforniaAug 09, 19161
California (9)Pinnacles National ParkCentral CaliforniaJan 10, 20131
California (9)Redwood National and State ParksNorthern CaliforniaOct 02, 19681
California (9)Sequoia National ParkCentral CaliforniaSep 25, 18901
California (9)Yosemite National ParkCentral CaliforniaOct 01, 18901
Colorado (4)Black Canyon of the Gunnison National ParkWestern ColoradoOct 21, 19991
Colorado (4)Great Sand Dunes National ParkSouthern ColoradoSep 24, 20041
Colorado (4)Mesa Verde National ParkSouthwestern ColoradoJun 29, 19061
Colorado (4)Rocky Mountain National ParkNorthern ColoradoJan 26, 19151
Florida (3)Biscayne National ParkSouthern FloridaJun 28, 19801
Florida (3)Dry Tortugas National ParkFlorida Keys, Southern FloridaOct 26, 19921
Florida (3)Everglades National ParkSouthern FloridaMay 30, 19341
Hawaii (2)Haleakalā National ParkMaui, HawaiiJul 01, 19611
Hawaii (2)Hawai'i Volcanoes National ParkBig Island, HawaiiAug 01, 19161
Idaho (1)Yellowstone National Park (part)Western Wyoming/Idaho borderMar 01, 18721
Indiana (1)Indiana Dunes National ParkNorthwestern IndianaFeb 15, 20191
Kentucky (1)Mammoth Cave National ParkCentral KentuckyJul 01, 19411
Maine (1)Acadia National ParkMount Desert Island, MaineFeb 26, 19191
Michigan (1)Isle Royale National ParkLake Superior, MichiganApr 03, 19401
Minnesota (1)Voyageurs National ParkNorthern MinnesotaApr 08, 19751
Missouri (1)Gateway Arch National ParkSt. Louis, MissouriFeb 22, 20181
Montana (2)Glacier National ParkNorthern MontanaMay 11, 19101
Montana (2)Yellowstone National Park (part)Western Wyoming/Montana borderMar 01, 18721
Nevada (2)Death Valley National ParkNevadaOct 31, 19941
Nevada (2)Great Basin National ParkEastern NevadaOct 27, 19861
New Mexico (2)Carlsbad Caverns National ParkSoutheastern New MexicoMay 14, 19301
New Mexico (2)White Sands National ParkSouthern New MexicoDec 20, 20191
North Carolina (1)Great Smoky Mountains National Park (part)Western North CarolinaJun 15, 19341
North Dakota (1)Theodore Roosevelt National ParkWestern North DakotaNov 10, 19781
Ohio (1)Cuyahoga Valley National ParkNortheastern OhioOct 11, 20001
Oregon (1)Crater Lake National ParkSouthern OregonMay 22, 19021
South Carolina (1)Congaree National ParkCentral South CarolinaNov 10, 20031
South Dakota (2)Badlands National ParkSouthwestern South DakotaNov 10, 19781
South Dakota (2)Wind Cave National ParkSouthwestern South DakotaJan 09, 19031
Tennessee (1)Great Smoky Mountains National Park (part)Eastern TennesseeJun 15, 19341
Texas (2)Big Bend National ParkWestern TexasJun 12, 19441
Texas (2)Guadalupe Mountains National ParkWestern TexasSep 30, 19721
Utah (5)Arches National ParkEastern UtahNov 12, 19711
Utah (5)Bryce Canyon National ParkSouthwestern UtahFeb 25, 19281
Utah (5)Canyonlands National ParkSoutheastern UtahSep 12, 19641
Utah (5)Capitol Reef National ParkSouth-central UtahDec 18, 19711
Utah (5)Zion National ParkSouthwestern UtahNov 19, 19191
Virginia (1)Shenandoah National ParkNorthern VirginiaDec 26, 19351
Virgin Islands (1)Virgin Islands National ParkSaint John, U.S. Virgin IslandsAug 02, 19561
Washington (3)Mount Rainier National ParkWestern WashingtonMar 02, 18991
Washington (3)North Cascades National ParkNorthern WashingtonOct 02, 19681
Washington (3)Olympic National ParkNorthwestern WashingtonJun 29, 19381
West Virginia (1)New River Gorge National ParkSouthern West VirginiaDec 27, 20201
Wyoming (2)Grand Teton National ParkNorthwestern WyomingFeb 26, 19291
Wyoming (2)Yellowstone National ParkNorthwestern WyomingMar 01, 18721

Top U.S. National Parks by Recreation Visits (2025)

What was the most visited U.S. national park in 2025?

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most visited national park in the United States year after year. In 2025 it recorded 11.53 million recreation visits3.

  • It straddles the border between North Carolina and Tennessee.

What are the 10 most visited national parks?

The 10 most visited U.S. national parks in 2025, by recreation visits, were:3

  1. Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 11,527,939
  2. Zion National Park — 4,984,525
  3. Yellowstone National Park — 4,762,988
  4. Grand Canyon National Park — 4,430,653
  5. Yosemite National Park — 4,278,413
  6. Rocky Mountain National Park — 4,171,431
  7. Acadia National Park — 4,079,318
  8. Grand Teton National Park — 3,800,648
  9. Olympic National Park — 3,584,187
  10. Glacier National Park — 3,136,557

What was the least visited U.S. national park in 2025?

Kobuk Valley National Park in northwestern Alaska was the least visited national park, with just 7,786 recreation visits in 20252.

When is the busiest time to visit national parks?

July is the busiest month. In 2025, the National Park System averaged 1,340,551 recreation visits per day in July2, more than in any other month.

  • This figure covers all National Park Service sites, not only the 64 national parks.
Top U.S. National Parks by Recreation Visits (2025)
RankParkRecreation Visits% of Total
1Great Smoky Mountains NP11,527,939212.27%
2Zion NP4,984,52525.30%
3Yellowstone NP4,762,98825.07%
4Grand Canyon NP4,430,65324.72%
5Yosemite NP4,278,41324.55%
6Rocky Mountain NP4,171,43124.44%
7Acadia NP4,079,31824.34%
8Grand Teton NP3,800,64824.04%
9Olympic NP3,584,18723.81%
10Glacier NP3,136,55723.34%
11Cuyahoga Valley NP3,025,32523.22%
12Joshua Tree NP2,932,64423.12%
13Indiana Dunes NP2,629,49722.80%
14Hot Springs NP2,494,61122.65%
15Gateway Arch NP2,209,02822.35%
16Bryce Canyon NP1,967,36722.09%
17New River Gorge NP & Preserve1,958,44022.08%
18Hawaii Volcanoes NP1,877,85422.00%
19Shenandoah NP1,682,15221.79%
20Mount Rainier NP1,635,34221.74%
21Arches NP1,511,74021.61%
22Capitol Reef NP1,388,47621.48%
23Sequoia NP1,378,33721.47%
24Death Valley NP1,320,13421.40%
25Redwood NP1,202,48021.28%
26Badlands NP1,139,36121.21%
27Haleakala NP853,71120.91%
28Saguaro NP847,74920.90%
29Canyonlands NP796,05720.85%
30Kings Canyon NP779,79120.83%
31Everglades NP778,19820.83%
32Glacier Bay NP & Preserve740,04420.79%
33Theodore Roosevelt NP729,89320.78%
34Mammoth Cave NP660,73420.70%
35White Sands NP659,74220.70%
36Crater Lake NP632,24220.67%
37Wind Cave NP606,25820.65%
38Big Bend NP568,10420.60%
39Denali NP & Preserve543,30020.58%
40Lassen Volcanic NP504,77720.54%
41Biscayne NP486,56720.52%
42Virgin Islands NP471,07420.50%
43Mesa Verde NP463,13020.49%
44Great Sand Dunes NP & Preserve432,49820.46%
45Kenai Fjords NP425,36920.45%
46Carlsbad Caverns NP410,77820.44%
47Pinnacles NP343,20820.37%
48Petrified Forest NP315,95120.34%
49Congaree NP287,83320.31%
50Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP250,08620.27%
51Channel Islands NP227,18620.24%
52Guadalupe Mountains NP206,42320.22%
53Voyageurs NP206,32620.22%
54Great Basin NP161,21020.17%
55Wrangell-St. Elias NP & Preserve108,84020.12%
56Dry Tortugas NP89,35520.10%
57Chiricahua NP70,40620.07%
58North Cascades NP46,92520.05%
59National Park of American Samoa43,25820.05%
60Katmai NP & Preserve34,47920.04%
61Isle Royale NP29,09120.03%
62Lake Clark NP & Preserve19,77820.02%
63Gates of the Arctic NP & Preserve14,92320.02%
64Kobuk Valley NP7,78620.01%

Source · Note: 2025 figures are preliminary and may change. Chiricahua’s 2025 visits were counted while it was still a national monument.

How many people camped in U.S. national parks in 2025?

In 2025, U.S. national parks recorded 93.96 million recreation visits in total2, and visitors spent more than 9.17 million nights in the parks.

  • Lodging run by park concessioners accounted for the most overnight stays (2.88 million nights), followed by tent camping (2.32 million nights)2.
  • Tent camping: Yosemite had the most tent-camping nights, with 439,233, followed by Great Smoky Mountains (188,422) and Joshua Tree (149,792)2.
  • RV camping: Yosemite also led for RV camping, with 264,908 nights, followed by Great Smoky Mountains (141,354)2.
  • Backcountry camping: Grand Canyon had the most backcountry nights, with 163,351, followed by Yosemite (139,743)2.
Top 10 U.S. National Parks for Camping (2025)
RankNational ParkTentRVBackcountryConcession CampgroundsTotal Camping Nights
1Yosemite NP439,233264,908139,7432843,884
2Yellowstone NP53,21037,26136,8952415,740543,106
3Grand Teton NP16340,2632374,521414,947
4Great Smoky Mountains NP188,422141,35468,0952397,871
5Grand Canyon NP85,03956,121163,351273,640378,151
6Olympic NP122,34087,284117,700212,896340,220
7Glacier NP115,213123,52534,1472272,885
8Joshua Tree NP149,79293,21313,9422256,947
9Shenandoah NP121,10762,79024,1642208,061
10Acadia NP128,93152,7951,28821,681184,695

Source · National Park Service Statistical Abstract 2025, overnight stays by park. Tent and RV counts cover park-run campgrounds; the total adds tent, RV, backcountry and concession-run campground nights. 2025 figures are preliminary.

Overnight Stays in U.S. National Parks by Type (2025)Lodging and camping nights, all 63 parks with national park status in 2025National Park Service, Statistical Abstract: 2025Concessioner Lodging · 31.4%Tent Campers · 25.3%RV Campers · 17.6%Backcountry Campers · 13%Concessioner Camping · 12.7%9,173,379overnight stays
Overnight Stays in U.S. National Parks by Type (2025)

Top U.S. National Parks by Camping Type (2025)

Horizontal bar chart of top U.S. National Parks for tent campers in 2025; Yosemite leads at 439,233.

U.S. National Parks by Size

What is the largest national park in the U.S.?

  • Wrangell-St. Elias National Park in Alaska is the largest national park in the United States, covering 8.32 million acres6 (33,680 square kilometers). With its adjoining national preserve, the protected area reaches 13.2 million acres7.

Which U.S. national park is the smallest?

  • Gateway Arch National Park in St. Louis, Missouri is the smallest national park in the United States, at just 192.83 acres6 (0.30 square miles or 0.78 square kilometers).
U.S. National Parks by Size
RankNational ParkStateAcresSimilar in Size To
1Wrangell-St. Elias NPAlaska8,323,146.486Moldova
2Gates of the Arctic NPAlaska7,523,897.456Maryland
3Denali NPAlaska4,740,911.166Slovenia
4Katmai NPAlaska3,674,529.336Connecticut
5Death Valley NPCalifornia, Nevada3,408,374.956Montenegro
6Glacier Bay NPAlaska3,223,383.436Montenegro
7Lake Clark NPAlaska2,619,816.496Lebanon
8Yellowstone NPWyoming, Montana, Idaho2,219,790.716Puerto Rico
9Kobuk Valley NPAlaska1,750,716.166Palestine
10Everglades NPFlorida1,400,539.806Delaware
11Grand Canyon NPArizona1,201,647.036Trinidad and Tobago
12Glacier NPMontana1,013,126.396Cape Verde
13Olympic NPWashington923,045.806Rhode Island
14Big Bend NPTexas801,162.346Iturup Island (Russia)
15Joshua Tree NPCalifornia795,155.856Makira (Solomon Islands)
16Yosemite NPCalifornia761,747.506George Land (Russia)
17Kenai Fjords NPAlaska669,650.056Unalaska Island (Alaska)
18Isle Royale NPMichigan571,790.306Luxembourg
19Great Smoky Mountains NPTennessee, North Carolina522,426.886Alor Island (Indonesia)
20North Cascades NPWashington504,780.946Mauritius
21Kings Canyon NPCalifornia461,901.376Comoros
22Sequoia NPCalifornia404,062.636Åland Islands (Finland)
23Hawaiʻi Volcanoes NPHawaii344,812.186Lougheed Island (Canada)
24Canyonlands NPUtah337,597.836Faroe Islands (Denmark)
25Grand Teton NPWyoming310,044.366Mill Island (Antarctica)
26Rocky Mountain NPColorado265,917.746Tahiti (French Polynesia)
27Channel Islands NPCalifornia249,561.006Hiiumaa (Estonia)
28Badlands NPSouth Dakota242,742.906São Tomé and Príncipe
29Capitol Reef NPUtah241,904.506São Tomé and Príncipe
30Mount Rainier NPWashington236,381.646São Tomé and Príncipe
31Petrified Forest NPArizona221,390.216Turks and Caicos Islands
32Voyageurs NPMinnesota218,223.256Attu Island (Alaska)
33Shenandoah NPVirginia200,454.016Kiribati
34Crater Lake NPOregon183,224.056Tonga
35Biscayne NPFlorida172,971.116Federated States of Micronesia
36Zion NPUtah147,242.666Saint Lucia
37White Sands NPNew Mexico146,344.316Saint Lucia
38Redwood NPCalifornia139,090.976Guam (United States)
39Great Sand Dunes NPColorado107,336.956Curaçao (Netherlands)
40Lassen Volcanic NPCalifornia106,589.026Antigua and Barbuda
41Saguaro NPArizona92,799.736Jan Mayen (Norway)
42Guadalupe Mountains NPTexas86,367.106Grenada
43Great Basin NPNevada77,180.006Malta
44Arches NPUtah76,678.986Maldives
45New River Gorge NPWest Virginia72,405.246Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago)
46Mammoth Cave NPKentucky72,041.736Penang Island (Malaysia)
47Theodore Roosevelt NPNorth Dakota70,446.046Bonaire (Netherlands)
48Dry Tortugas NPFlorida64,701.226Saint Kitts and Nevis
49Mesa Verde NPColorado52,485.176Pine Island (Florida)
50Acadia NPMaine49,076.656American Samoa (United States)
51Carlsbad Caverns NPNew Mexico46,766.456Washington, D.C.
52Bryce Canyon NPUtah35,835.086Wallis and Futuna (France)
53Wind Cave NPSouth Dakota33,970.846Christmas Island (Australia)
54Haleakalā NPHawaii33,489.246Christmas Island (Australia)
55Cuyahoga Valley NPOhio32,607.206Vieques (Puerto Rico)
56Black Canyon of the Gunnison NPColorado30,779.836Jersey (United Kingdom)
57Congaree NPSouth Carolina26,692.606Montserrat (United Kingdom)
58Pinnacles NPCalifornia26,685.736Montserrat (United Kingdom)
59Indiana Dunes NPIndiana16,267.536Nauru
60Virgin Islands NPUnited States Virgin Islands15,041.036San Marino
61Chiricahua NPArizona12,024.736Bermuda (United Kingdom)
62American Samoa NPAmerican Samoa8,256.676Macau (China)
63Hot Springs NPArkansas5,554.156Tuvalu
64Gateway Arch NPMissouri192.836Vatican City

Source · Chiricahua’s area comes from the National Park Service’s September 30, 2026 acreage list, where it still appears as a national monument.

U.S. National Parks by Mortality Count

Which national parks are the most dangerous?

Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona (227 deaths), Yosemite National Park in California (204 deaths) and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (161 deaths) recorded the most deaths between 2007 and February 20268.

  • Falls are the most common recorded cause of death at Grand Canyon (48 deaths) and Yosemite (67 deaths), while motor vehicle crashes lead at Great Smoky Mountains (60 deaths)8.

What are the safest national parks in the U.S.?

Five national parks recorded zero visitor deaths over the same period: Gates of the Arctic, Kobuk Valley and Kenai Fjords in Alaska, Chiricahua in Arizona, and the National Park of American Samoa8.

All five are remote and see relatively few visitors.

U.S. National Parks by Mortality Count
RankParkDeaths (2007 to February 2026)
1Grand Canyon National Park2278
2Yosemite National Park2048
3Great Smoky Mountains National Park1618
4Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks998
5Mount Rainier National Park878
6Yellowstone National Park858
7Rocky Mountain National Park808
8Grand Teton National Park758
9Death Valley National Park758
10Denali National Park & Preserve758
11Olympic National Park608
12Glacier National Park608
13Zion National Park578
14Shenandoah National Park508
15Cuyahoga Valley National Park458
16Virgin Islands National Park448
17New River Gorge National Park & Preserve408
18Big Bend National Park398
19Indiana Dunes National Park368
20Acadia National Park338
21Redwood National Park338
22Joshua Tree National Park318
23Canyonlands National Park298
24North Cascades National Park298
25Everglades National Park258
26Biscayne National Park208
27Saguaro National Park208
28Hawaii Volcanoes National Park188
29Arches National Park188
30Haleakala National Park158
31Channel Islands National Park158
32Mammoth Cave National Park128
33Crater Lake National Park118
34Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve118
35Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park108
36Capitol Reef National Park88
37Bryce Canyon National Park88
38White Sands National Park78
39Guadalupe Mountains National Park78
40Dry Tortugas National Park78
41Badlands National Park78
42Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve78
43Hot Springs National Park68
44Mesa Verde National Park68
45Lassen Volcanic National Park68
46Katmai National Park & Preserve68
47Pinnacles National Park58
48Voyageurs National Park58
49Lake Clark National Park & Preserve58
50Wind Cave National Park48
51Carlsbad Caverns National Park48
52Great Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve48
53Isle Royale National Park38
54Theodore Roosevelt National Park28
55Great Basin National Park28
56Gateway Arch National Park18
57Petrified Forest National Park18
58Congaree National Park18
59Kenai Fjords National Park08
60Kobuk Valley National Park08
61National Park of American Samoa08
62Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve08
63Chiricahua National Park08

Source · National Park Service (NPS) Mortality Data, January 2007 to February 2026 (released April 2026). Figures from 2020 onward are provisional; before 2014 only accidental deaths were recorded. Sequoia and Kings Canyon are reported together. Chiricahua, a national monument until October 2026, has no recorded deaths in the data.

RV Rental in the USA

References

  1. List of national parks of the United States — Wikipedia · en.wikipedia.org ↑ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2 i2 j2 k2 l2 m2 n2 o2 p2 q2 r2 s2 t2 u2 v2 w2 x2 y2 z2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3 i3 j3 k3 l3 m3 n3 o3 p3 q3 r3 s3 t3 u3 v3 w3
  2. Statistical Abstract: 2025 — National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics · irma.nps.gov ↑ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2 i2 j2 k2 l2 m2 n2 o2 p2 q2 r2 s2 t2 u2 v2 w2 x2 y2 z2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3 i3 j3 k3 l3 m3 n3 o3 p3 q3 r3 s3 t3 u3 v3 w3 x3 y3 z3 a4 b4 c4 d4
  3. National Park Service Records More Than 323 Million Recreation Visits in 2025 (NPS news release, 13 March 2026) · nps.gov ↑ b c
  4. New River Gorge is Now a National Park and Preserve (NPS news release, 20 January 2021) · nps.gov ↑
  5. Yellowstone National Park — The World’s First National Park · nps.gov ↑
  6. NPS Land Resource Division — National Park Service acreage report, as of 30 September 2026 · nps.gov ↑ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2 i2 j2 k2 l2 m2 n2 o2 p2 q2 r2 s2 t2 u2 v2 w2 x2 y2 z2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3 i3 j3 k3 l3 m3 n3
  7. Frequently Asked Questions — National Park Service · nps.gov ↑
  8. NPS Mortality Data, CY2007 onward (Prevention and Response Branch FOIA release) · nps.gov ↑ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2 i2 j2 k2 l2 m2 n2 o2 p2 q2 r2 s2 t2 u2 v2 w2 x2 y2 z2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3 i3 j3 k3 l3 m3 n3